Two seperate judgments handed down by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) have found that Italian officers committed torture and that the authorities unsuccessful to examine or punish the functions. In summary, they all identified him to have been crazy during the moments he fully commited murder. Shipwrecks at the Golden Gate.» We are also grateful for the ongoing fascination and assistance of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), principally as a result of the offices of the sanctuary. Pete Gogan, the to start with sanctuary manager, and Miles Croom, his successor, as perfectly as Nancy Stone, have supported, assisted, and funded significantly of the professional maritime archeology that has taken spot in the two parks and the sanctuary, notably the 1982-1983 study operate in Drakes Bay and the crafting of this report. Ed Miller of NOAA’s Washington Office funded the publication of this report. Many folks, most National Park Service (NPS) personnel, labored to develop the human body of information that is combined in this report. We can’t name them all, but we have not overlooked them or their contributions, and we listed here accept and thank them, be they in the Maintenance Division, Ranger ranks, headquarters team, a quantity of dedicated volunteers, or Park Police. A range of colleagues outside the NPS and NOAA helped with investigate all over again, we cannot name them all but acknowledge the financial debt with gratitude. The staffs of the subsequent institutions and corporations were notably handy: California Historical Society Society of California Pioneers California State Library San Francisco History Room and Archives, San Francisco Public Library National Maritime Museum, San Francisco Espey, Huston, and Associates Archeo-Tec, Inc. San Francisco Cleanwater Program, California Academy of Sciences Marin County Historical Society Sausalito Historical Society Mystic Seaport Museum National Archives Judicial, Fiscal, and Social Branch, Federal Archives Records Center, San Bruno The Mariners’ Museum Drakes Navigators Guild, Miwok Archaeological Preserve of Marin United States Sixth Army, San Francisciana, The Huntington Library and San Francisco State University. The manuscript was edited by Joy Waldron Murphy and J. Candace Clifford, and reviewed by Edwin C. Bearss, Larry Murphy, Daniel J. Lenihan, Miles Croom, and Nancy Stone. Despite their high-quality work, any problems and omissions that continue being are the sole obligation of the authors. IX Executive SUMMARY This report is the first assessment-level publication in a series that files the submerged cultural means existing in just the boundaries of National Park Service areas, National Marine Sanctuaries, and other maritime-secured places. It was drafted in 1986 less than a memorandum of knowing amongst the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). The tidal and submerged lands in just the two parks and maritime sanctuary incorporate approximately 151 shipwrecks. Of these, research implies forty one lie exclusively within just the jurisdiction of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, 78 lie solely in the jurisdiction of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and 32 lie exclusively in the jurisdiction of Point Reyes National Seashore. Many of these shipwrecks are separately major and likely qualified for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as a review collection, the group of shipwrecks is significant in documenting and examining the progression of maritime enhancement and activity related with the port of San Francisco and its surrounding subports. Maritime archeological research has been undertaken in the a few areas. This consists of discovery stage surveys, minimal web site excavation, and documentation of 8 shipwrecks. The activity to date has resulted in the listing of 3 shipwreck sites on the National Register of Historic Places. Serious threats to shipwreck sources exist in the a few locations, such as National Register websites, including beachcombing, sport-diver collecting, qualified salvage, and treasure-looking. This report lists the particulars of presumed «complete loss» shipwrecks inside of the a few places, assesses exploration and administration things to do to date, discusses probable and true threats to the assets, and endorses an extended program consisting of supplemental historic analysis, finish nondestructive archeological study of the tidal and submerged lands, confined on-site archeological study of picked shipwrecks, the preparing of National Register nominations, a in depth plan of reveals, displays, interpretive applications, and publications to boost public appreciation of submerged cultural resources and their administration and preservation, and the establishment of area in-property submerged-cultural-resource management teams and a conservation facility. INTRODUCTION Managers of National Park Service locations, and far more not long ago of National Marine Sanctuaries, has more and more uncovered it required to stock, doc, defend, preserve, and interpret submerged cultural means. A selection of submerged-cultural-resource surveys and vessel-certain archeological investigate initiatives have been completed by the National Park Service inside the final decade, the most noteworthy currently being these of the National Park Service’s Submerged Cultural Resource Unit, based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The National Park Service has labored cooperatively with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Sanctuary Program in a few independent scenarios. Currently, the National Park Service is doing work with the NOAA to acquire cultural useful resource administration recommendations for maritime sanctuaries. The Service is also carefully included with NOAA in defining management and study techniques for the stays of USS Monitor, lying off the North Carolina coastline. In 1985, the National Park Service and NOAA cooperatively performed a submerged-cultural-source evaluation and survey of picked parts inside the boundaries of Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, California. The initial main cooperative work of the two businesses, having said that, transpired in 1982-1983, when the Submerged Cultural Resource Unit, Point Reyes National Seashore, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, the State of California, and NOAA conducted a Phase 1 Reconnaissance Submerged Cultural Resources Survey of parts of Point Reyes National Seashore and Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, California. The success of the study were being printed in 1984. Included in the 1st quantity was a chapter on «Losses of Major Vessels Within the Drakes Bay Survey Area,» by David Buller and James Delgado. That area recounted the histories and shipwreck occasions of fifteen vessels better than twenty tons in waters from Double Point to Point Reyes (together with all of Drakes Bay and the Point Reyes headland). Included in the two-volume report was a statement by SCRU Chief Daniel J. Lenihan regarding the Submerged Cultural Resource Unit Report and Publication Series, which mentioned many kinds of reports which includes a submerged cultural sources evaluation. According to Lenihan, this kind of report was a «very first-line doc that consists of a short literature look for, an overview of the maritime record and pornhub Livecam the known or likely underwater internet sites in the park, and preliminary recommendations for long-phrase management.
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